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MBE Advance Access originally published online on April 18, 2008
Molecular Biology and Evolution 2008 25(7):1333-1343; doi:10.1093/molbev/msn097
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Research Articles

Differential Evolution of the 13 Atlantic Salmon Hox Clusters

Sutada Mungpakdee*, Hee-Chan Seo*,{dagger}, Anna Rita Angotzi*, Xianjun Dong{ddagger}, Altuna Akalin{ddagger} and Daniel Chourrout*

* Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, Bergen, Norway
{dagger} Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, Bergen, Norway
{ddagger} Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, Bergen, Norway

E-mail: Daniel.Chourrout{at}sars.uib.no.

Accepted for publication March 25, 2008.

Hox cluster organization represents a valuable marker to study the effects of recent genome duplication in salmonid fish (25–100 Mya). Using polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNAs, BAC library screening, and genome walking, we reconstructed 13 Hox clusters in the Atlantic salmon containing 118 Hox genes including 8 pseudogenes. Hox paralogs resulting from the genome duplication preceding the radiation of ray-finned fish have been much better preserved in salmon than in other model teleosts. The last genome duplication in the salmon lineage has been followed by the loss of 1 of the 4 HoxA clusters. Four rounds of genome duplication after the vertebrate ancestor salmon Hox clusters display the main organizational features of vertebrate Hox clusters, with Hox genes exclusively that are densely packed in the same orientation. Recently, duplicated Hox clusters have engaged a process of divergence, with several cases of pseudogenization or asymmetrical evolution of Hox gene duplicates, and a marked erosion of identity in noncoding sequences. Strikingly, the level of divergence attained strongly depends on the Hox cluster pairs rather than on the Hox genes within each cluster. It is particularly high between both HoxBb clusters and both HoxDa clusters, whereas both HoxBa clusters remained virtually identical. Positive selection on the Hox protein–coding sequences could not be detected.

Key Words: Hox cluster • genome duplication • ray-finned fish • subfunctionalization • pseudogene

William Jeffery, Associate Editor


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